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Happiess and I Guess I Never Will Again

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Mental or emotional country of well-being characterized by pleasant emotions

"Enjoyment" redirects here. For the 2005 video album by Kaiser Chiefs, see Enjoyment (video).

"Cheerful" redirects here. For Regal Navy destroyer, see HMS Cheerful (1897).

A smiling 95-twelvemonth-old man from Pichilemu, Republic of chile

The term happiness is used in the context of mental or emotional states, including positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.[1] Information technology is as well used in the context of life satisfaction, subjective well-existence, eudaimonia, flourishing and well-existence.[two]

Since the 1960s, happiness inquiry has been conducted in a wide diversity of scientific disciplines, including gerontology, social psychology and positive psychology, clinical and medical research and happiness economics.

Definitions

'Happiness' is the discipline of debate on usage and meaning,[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] and on possible differences in understanding past culture.[viii] [nine]

The word is generally used in relation to ii factors:[10]

Happy children playing in water

  • the electric current experience of the feeling of an emotion (touch on) such every bit pleasure or joy,[1] or of a more full general sense of 'emotional condition every bit a whole'.[11] For case Daniel Kahneman has defined happiness every bit "what I experience here and now".[12] This usage is prevalent in lexicon definitions of happiness.[thirteen] [14] [15]
  • appraisal of life satisfaction, such as of quality of life.[16] For instance Ruut Veenhoven has defined happiness as "overall appreciation of one's life equally-a-whole."[17] [eighteen] Kahneman has said that this is more important to people than electric current experience.[19] [20] [21]

Some usages tin include both of these factors. Subjective well-being (swb)[22] includes measures of electric current experience (emotions, moods, and feelings) and of life satisfaction.[nb 1] For instance Sonja Lyubomirsky has described happiness as "the experience of joy, contentment, or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one's life is adept, meaningful, and worthwhile."[23] Eudaimonia,[24] is a Greek term variously translated as happiness, welfare, flourishing, and blessedness. Xavier Landes[25] has proposed that happiness include measures of subjective wellbeing, mood and eudaimonia.[26]

These differing uses tin give unlike results.[27] [28] For instance the correlation of income levels has been shown to be substantial with life satisfaction measures, but to exist far weaker, at least higher up a sure threshold, with current experience measures.[29] [30] Whereas Nordic countries often score highest on swb surveys, S American countries score college on bear on-based surveys of current positive life experiencing.[31]

The implied meaning of the discussion may vary depending on context,[32] qualifying happiness as a polyseme and a fuzzy concept.

A further effect is when measurement is fabricated; appraisal of a level of happiness at the time of the experience may exist dissimilar from appraisement via memory at a afterwards date.[33] [34]

Some users have these problems, but go along to use the discussion because of its convening power.[35]

Philosophy

A butcher happily slicing meat

Relation to morality

Philosophy of happiness is often discussed in conjunction with ethics.[36] Traditional European societies, inherited from the Greeks and from Christianity, often linked happiness with morality, which was concerned with the performance in a certain kind of office in a certain kind of social life.[37]

Happiness remains a difficult term for moral philosophy. Throughout the history of moral philosophy, there has been an oscillation between attempts to define morality in terms of consequences leading to happiness and attempts to ascertain morality in terms that have nil to do with happiness at all.[38]

Empirical research suggests that laypeople'southward judgments of a person's happiness in function depend on perceptions of that person'southward morality, suggesting that judgments of others' happiness involve moral evaluation.[39]

Aristotle

Aristotle described eudaimonia (Greek: εὐδαιμονία) as the goal of human being thought and action. Eudaimonia is oftentimes translated to mean happiness, but some scholars fence that "human flourishing" may be a more authentic translation.[forty] Aristotle'southward use of the term in Nicomachiean Ideals extends across the full general sense of happiness.[41]

In the Nicomachean Ethics, written in 350 BCE, Aristotle stated that happiness (besides being well and doing well) is the only matter that humans desire for their own sake, unlike riches, honour, health or friendship. He observed that men sought riches, or honour, or health not simply for their own sake but likewise in society to be happy.[42] For Aristotle the term eudaimonia, which is translated as 'happiness' or 'flourishing' is an activity rather than an emotion or a land.[43] Eudaimonia (Greek: εὐδαιμονία) is a classical Greek word consists of the word "eu" ("expert" or "well-existence") and "daimōn" ("spirit" or "small-scale deity", used past extension to mean i'southward lot or fortune). Thus understood, the happy life is the practiced life, that is, a life in which a person fulfills homo nature in an fantabulous way. Specifically, Aristotle argued that the skilful life is the life of excellent rational activity. He arrived at this claim with the "Part Argument". Basically, if it is right, every living thing has a function, that which it uniquely does. For Aristotle man office is to reason, since it is that solitary which humans uniquely do. And performing ane's office well, or excellently, is skilful. According to Aristotle, the life of excellent rational activity is the happy life. Aristotle argued a 2d-all-time life for those incapable of excellent rational action was the life of moral virtue.[44] The key question Aristotle seeks to answer is "What is the ultimate purpose of human existence?" a lot of people are seeking pleasure, health, and a good reputation. Information technology is true that those accept a value, but none of them can occupy the place of the greatest practiced for which humanity aims. It may seem like all appurtenances are a ways to obtain happiness, but Aristotle said that happiness is e'er an end in itself.[45]

Western ethics

Western ethicists have fabricated arguments for how humans should acquit, either individually or collectively, based on the resulting happiness of such beliefs. Utilitarians, such equally John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham, advocated the greatest happiness principle as a guide for ethical beliefs.[46]

Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche critiqued the English Utilitarians' focus on attaining the greatest happiness, stating that "Homo does not strive for happiness, only the Englishman does".[47] Nietzsche meant that making happiness one'due south ultimate goal and the aim of one'due south beingness, in his words "makes one contemptible." Nietzsche instead yearned for a culture that would gear up higher, more than difficult goals than "mere happiness." He introduced the quasi-dystopic figure of the "last man" equally a kind of thought experiment against the utilitarians and happiness-seekers. these pocket-size, "last men" who seek later on only their own pleasure and health, fugitive all danger, exertion, difficulty, claiming, struggle are meant to seem contemptible to Nietzsche'southward reader. Nietzsche instead wants us to consider the value of what is difficult, what can merely be earned through struggle, difficulty, pain and thus to come up to see the affirmative value suffering and unhappiness truly play in creating everything of great worth in life, including all the highest achievements of human culture, not to the lowest degree of all philosophy.[48] [49]

Changes in focus over fourth dimension

In 2004 Darrin McMahon claimed, that over time the accent shifted from the happiness of virtue to the virtue of happiness.[50]

Civilisation

Personal happiness aims can exist effected by cultural factors.[51] [52] [53] Hedonism appears to be more than strongly related to happiness in more individualistic cultures.[54] Individualistic cultures tend to satisfy intrinsic motivations to a higher degree that collectivistic cultures, and considering fulfilling intrinsic motivations, equally opposed to extrinsic motivations, is frequently related to greater levels of happiness, this translates to more than happiness for individualistic cultures.[55]

A handsome, smiling young man from the Western world

Cultural views on happiness have changed over time.[56] For instance Western concern most childhood being a fourth dimension of happiness has occurred merely since the 19th century.[57]

Non all cultures seek to maximize happiness,[58] [nb two] [nb 3] and some cultures are averse to happiness.[59] [60]

Faith

People in countries with high cultural religiosity tend to relate their life satisfaction less to their emotional experiences than people in more than secular countries.[61]

Eastern

Buddhism

Happiness forms a cardinal theme of Buddhist teachings.[62] For ultimate freedom from suffering, the Noble Eightfold Path leads its practitioner to Nirvana, a land of everlasting peace. Ultimate happiness is merely accomplished by overcoming peckish in all forms. More mundane forms of happiness, such as acquiring wealth and maintaining expert friendships, are likewise recognized as worthy goals for lay people (see sukha). Buddhism likewise encourages the generation of loving kindness and compassion, the desire for the happiness and welfare of all beings.[63] [64] [ unreliable source? ] [ unreliable source? ]

Hinduism

In Advaita Vedanta, the ultimate goal of life is happiness, in the sense that duality between Atman and Brahman is transcended and one realizes oneself to be the Cocky in all.

Patanjali, writer of the Yoga Sutras, wrote quite exhaustively on the psychological and ontological roots of bliss.[65]

Confucianism

The Chinese Confucian thinker Mencius, who had sought to give advice to ruthless political leaders during Red china's Warring States period, was convinced that the heed played a mediating office between the "bottom self" (the physiological self) and the "greater cocky" (the moral cocky), and that getting the priorities right between these two would lead to sage-hood.[66] He argued that if one did not feel satisfaction or pleasure in nourishing i's "vital strength" with "righteous deeds", and so that strength would shrivel upwards (Mencius, 6A:15 2A:two). More specifically, he mentions the experience of intoxicating joy if one celebrates the practise of the corking virtues, especially through music.[67]

Abrahamic

Judaism

Happiness or simcha (Hebrew: שמחה) in Judaism is considered an important element in the service of God.[68] The biblical verse "worship The Lord with gladness; come earlier him with joyful songs," (Psalm 100:2) stresses joy in the service of God.[ citation needed ] A popular teaching by Rabbi Nachman of Breslov, a 19th-century Chassidic Rabbi, is "Mitzvah Gedolah Le'hiyot Besimcha Tamid," it is a slap-up mitzvah (commandment) to always be in a state of happiness. When a person is happy they are much more capable of serving God and going about their daily activities than when depressed or upset.[69] [ self-published source? ]

Christianity

The primary meaning of "happiness" in diverse European languages involves good fortune, take chances or happening. The pregnant in Greek philosophy, notwithstanding, refers primarily to ethics.

In Christianity, the ultimate end of homo existence consists in felicity, Latin equivalent to the Greek eudaimonia, or "blessed happiness", described by the 13th-century philosopher-theologian Thomas Aquinas as a Blissful Vision of God'southward essence in the next life.[70]

According to St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas, human being'south concluding terminate is happiness: "all men agree in desiring the last cease, which is happiness."[71] However, where utilitarians focused on reasoning about consequences as the primary tool for reaching happiness, Aquinas agreed with Aristotle that happiness cannot be reached solely through reasoning about consequences of acts, only also requires a pursuit of good causes for acts, such as habits according to virtue.[72] In turn, which habits and acts that ordinarily lead to happiness is according to Aquinas caused by laws: natural law and divine police. These laws, in turn, were according to Aquinas caused past a first cause, or God.[ citation needed ]

According to Aquinas, happiness consists in an "performance of the speculative intellect": "Consequently happiness consists principally in such an operation, viz. in the contemplation of Divine things." And, "the last finish cannot consist in the active life, which pertains to the practical intellect." So: "Therefore the last and perfect happiness, which we look in the life to come up, consists entirely in contemplation. Just imperfect happiness, such as tin be had here, consists showtime and principally in contemplation, only secondarily, in an operation of the practical intellect directing human actions and passions."[73]

Human complexities, similar reason and cognition, tin can produce well-beingness or happiness, but such form is express and transitory. In temporal life, the contemplation of God, the infinitely Beautiful, is the supreme delight of the volition. Beatitudo, or perfect happiness, equally complete well-being, is to be attained not in this life, but the next.[74]

Islam

Al-Ghazali (1058–1111), the Muslim Sufi thinker, wrote "The Abracadabra of Happiness", a manual of spiritual instruction throughout the Muslim world and widely practiced today.[ commendation needed ]

Achievement methods

Theories on how to accomplish happiness include "encountering unexpected positive events",[75] "seeing a significant other",[76] and "basking in the acceptance and praise of others".[77] Withal others believe that happiness is not solely derived from external, momentary pleasures.[78]

Self-fulfilment theories

Woman kissing a babe on the cheek

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Maslow'southward hierarchy of needs is a pyramid depicting the levels of human needs, psychological, and physical. When a human being ascends the steps of the pyramid, self-appearing is reached.[79] Across the routine of needs fulfillment, Maslow envisioned moments of extraordinary experience, known as meridian experiences, profound moments of love, agreement, happiness, or rapture, during which a person feels more whole, live, self-sufficient, and yet a office of the earth. This is similar to the menstruation concept of Mihály Csíkszentmihályi.[80] The concept of flow is the idea that after our bones needs are met we tin can achieve greater happiness by altering our consciousness by condign so engaged in a task that nosotros lose our sense of time. Our intense focus causes u.s.a. to forget any other issues, which in render promotes positive emotions.[81]

Erich Fromm

Fromm said "Happiness is the indication that human being has plant the reply to the trouble of human existence: the productive realization of his potentialities and thus, simultaneously, being i with the earth and preserving the integrity of his cocky. In spending his energy productively he increases his powers, he „burns without being consumed."" [82]

Self-determination theory

Smiling woman from Vietnam

Self-conclusion theory relates intrinsic motivation to three needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Modernization and freedom of pick

Ronald Inglehart has traced cross-national differences in the level of happiness based on data from the World Values Survey.[83] He finds that the extent to which a order allows gratis pick has a major touch on on happiness. When basic needs are satisfied, the caste of happiness depends on economic and cultural factors that enable costless choice in how people live their lives. Happiness also depends on religion in countries where free choice is constrained.[84]

Positive psychology

Since 2000 the field of positive psychology has expanded drastically in terms of scientific publications, and has produced many different views on causes of happiness, and on factors that correlate with happiness.[85] Numerous short-term self-help interventions have been developed and demonstrated to improve happiness.[86] [87]

Indirect approaches

Various writers, including Camus and Tolle, have written that the act of searching or seeking for happiness is incompatible with being happy.[88] [89] [90] [91]

John Stuart Mill believed that for the corking majority of people happiness is best achieved en passant, rather than striving for it direct. This meant no self-consciousness, scrutiny, self-interrogation, dwelling on, thinking about, imagining or questioning on one'southward happiness. Then, if otherwise fortunately circumstanced, one would "inhale happiness with the air you breathe."[92]

Natural occurrence

William Inge observed that "on the whole, the happiest people seem to exist those who have no particular cause for being happy except the fact that they are so."[93] Orison Swett Marden said that "some people are built-in happy."[94]

Negative effects

June Gruber argued that happiness may have negative effects. It may trigger a person to exist more than sensitive, more gullible, less successful, and more than likely to undertake high risk behaviours.[95] She also conducted studies suggesting that seeking happiness can have negative furnishings, such as failure to see over-loftier expectations.[96] [97] [98] Iris Mauss has shown that the more people strive for happiness, the more likely they will set upward likewise loftier of standards and feel disappointed.[99] [100]

Limits

The idea of motivational hedonism is the theory that pleasure is the aim for homo life.[101] Even so, according to touch bias, people are poor predictors of their future emotions.[102] Therefore, can happiness be sought after and pain be avoided, if it is considered to be unpredictable and unsustainable? Sigmund Freud said that all humans strive after happiness, just that the possibilities of achieving it are restricted because we "are so fabricated that nosotros tin derive intense enjoyment only from a contrast and very trivial from the country of things."[103]

Pursuit

Not all cultures seek to maximise happiness. It has been constitute in Western cultures that individual happiness is the most important. However, other cultures have reverse views and tend to exist aversive to the idea of private happiness. For case, people living in Eastern Asian cultures focus more on the need for happiness within relationships with others and even discover personal happiness to exist harmful to fulfilling happy social relationships.[59] [58] [104] [nb 2] [nb iii]

A 2012 written report found that psychological well-being was higher for people who experienced both positive and negative emotions.[105] [106] [107]

Exam

Happiness can exist examined in experiential and evaluative contexts. Experiential well-being, or "objective happiness", is happiness measured in the moment via questions such as "How good or bad is your experience now?". In contrast, evaluative well-being asks questions such as "How expert was your vacation?" and measures one's subjective thoughts and feelings about happiness in the by. Experiential well-being is less prone to errors in reconstructive retention, but the majority of literature on happiness refers to evaluative well-being. The 2 measures of happiness tin can exist related by heuristics such equally the peak–end dominion.[108]

Some commentators focus on the difference between the hedonistic tradition of seeking pleasant and avoiding unpleasant experiences, and the eudaimonic tradition of living life in a full and deeply satisfying style.[109]

Measurement

People accept been trying to measure happiness for centuries. In 1780, the English language utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham proposed that as happiness was the main goal of humans it should be measured as a fashion of determining how well the authorities was performing.[110]

Several scales have been adult to measure happiness:

  • The Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) is a 4-particular calibration, measuring global subjective happiness from 1999. The scale requires participants to utilise absolute ratings to characterize themselves as happy or unhappy individuals, as well equally it asks to what extent they identify themselves with descriptions of happy and unhappy individuals.[111] [112]
  • The Positive and Negative Bear upon Schedule (PANAS) from 1988 is a 20-item questionnaire, using a 5-betoken Likert scale (1 = very slightly or not at all, 5 = extremely) to appraise the relation between personality traits and positive or negative affects at "this moment, today, the by few days, the past calendar week, the by few weeks, the past yr, and in general".[113] A longer version with additional affect scales was published 1994.[114]
  • The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a global cerebral assessment of life satisfaction developed past Ed Diener. A seven-point Likert scale is used to hold or disagree with five statements most one's life.[115] [116]
  • The Cantril ladder method[117] has been used in the Earth Happiness Study. Respondents are asked to call back of a ladder, with the best possible life for them being a 10, and the worst possible life being a 0. They are then asked to rate their ain current lives on that 0 to 10 scale.[118] [117]
  • Positive Feel; the survey by Gallup asks if, the 24-hour interval earlier, people experienced enjoyment, laughing or smiling a lot, feeling well-rested, existence treated with respect, learning or doing something interesting. ix of the top ten countries in 2022 were South American, led by Paraguay and Panama. Country scores range from 85 to 43.[119]

Since 2012, a Earth Happiness Report has been published. Happiness is evaluated, as in "How happy are y'all with your life as a whole?", and in emotional reports, as in "How happy are you now?," and people seem able to use happiness equally appropriate in these verbal contexts. Using these measures, the report identifies the countries with the highest levels of happiness. In subjective well-being measures, the primary distinction is between cognitive life evaluations and emotional reports.[120] [ commendation needed ]

The Uk began to measure national well-being in 2012,[121] following Bhutan, which had already been measuring gross national happiness.[122] [123]

Happiness has been institute to be quite stable over time.[124] [125]

Relationship to physical characteristics and heritability

As of 2016, no show of happiness causing improved physical health has been found; the topic is existence researched at the Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.[126] A positive relationship has been suggested between the book of the brain'southward gray matter in the correct precuneus area and one'due south subjective happiness score.[127]

Sonja Lyubomirsky has estimated that 50 percentage of a given human'south happiness level could be genetically determined, ten percent is affected by life circumstances and state of affairs, and a remaining 40 percent of happiness is subject to self-command.[128] [129]

When discussing genetics and their effects on individuals information technology is important to start understand that genetics practise non predict behavior. It is possible for genes to increase the likelihood of individuals being happier compared to others, only they practice not 100 percent predict behavior.

At this point in scientific enquiry, information technology has been hard to find a lot of evidence to support this idea that happiness is affected in some way by genetics. In a 2022 study, Michael Minkov and Michael Harris Bond constitute that a gene past the name of SLC6A4 was not a good predictor of happiness level in humans.[130]

On the other hand, in that location accept been many studies that accept found genetics to be a key part in predicting and understanding happiness in humans.[131] In a review article discussing many studies on genetics and happiness, they discussed the mutual findings.[132] The writer establish an important factor that has affected scientist findings this being how happiness is measured. For example, in certain studies when subjective wellbeing is measured as a trait heredity is found to exist higher, about 70 to 90 percent. In another report, 11,500 unrelated genotypes were studied, and the conclusion was the heritability was just 12 to 18 percent. Overall, this article plant the mutual per centum of heredity was about 20 to 50 percent.[133]

Economical and political views

Newly commissioned officers celebrate their new positions by throwing their midshipmen covers into the air every bit part of the U.S. Naval University course of 2011 graduation and commissioning ceremony.

In politics, happiness as a guiding ideal is expressed in the U.s. Proclamation of Independence of 1776, written by Thomas Jefferson, as the universal right to "the pursuit of happiness."[134] This seems to suggest a subjective interpretation simply ane that goes beyond emotions alone. It has to exist kept in mind that the word happiness meant "prosperity, thriving, wellbeing" in the 18th century and not the same thing as information technology does today. In fact, happiness.[135]

Common market wellness measures such as GDP and GNP have been used as a measure of successful policy. On average richer nations tend to be happier than poorer nations, but this upshot seems to diminish with wealth.[136] [137] This has been explained by the fact that the dependency is not linear but logarithmic, i.e., the same percentual increase in the GNP produces the same increase in happiness for wealthy countries every bit for poor countries.[138] [139] [140] [141] Increasingly, academic economists and international economic organizations are arguing for and developing multi-dimensional dashboards which combine subjective and objective indicators to provide a more straight and explicit assessment of human wellbeing. Work past Paul Anand and colleagues helps to highlight the fact that there many different contributors to adult wellbeing, that happiness sentence reflect, in role, the presence of salient constraints, and that fairness, autonomy, community and engagement are key aspects of happiness and wellbeing throughout the life form.[142] Although these factors play a part in happiness, they do non all demand to human action in simultaneously to assistance one attain an increase in happiness.

Libertarian think tank Cato Plant claims that economic liberty correlates strongly with happiness[143] preferably within the context of a western mixed economy, with free printing and a commonwealth. According to certain standards, East European countries when ruled by Communist parties were less happy than Western ones, even less happy than other equally poor countries.[144]

Since 2003, empirical enquiry in the field of happiness economics, such as that by Benjamin Radcliff, professor of Political Science at the Academy of Notre Matriarch, supported the contention that in democratic countries life satisfaction is strongly and positively related to the social democratic model of a generous social prophylactic internet, pro-worker labor market place regulations, and strong labor unions.[145] [146] Similarly, at that place is testify that public policies which reduce poverty and back up a strong middle course, such equally a higher minimum wage, strongly bear on average levels of well-being.[147]

It has been argued that happiness measures could be used not as a replacement for more traditional measures, but as a supplement.[148] According to the Cato institute, people constantly make choices that decrease their happiness, considering they have also more than of import aims. Therefore, authorities should not subtract the alternatives available for the denizen by patronizing them but let the citizen keep a maximal freedom of selection.[149]

Good mental health and good relationships contribute more income to happiness and governments should accept these into account.[150]

In the United kingdom Richard Layard and others have led the development of happiness economics.

Contributing factors and research outcomes

Enquiry on positive psychology, well-being, eudaimonia and happiness, and the theories of Diener, Ryff, Keyes, and Seligmann covers a broad range of levels and topics, including "the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life."[151] The psychiatrist George Vaillant and the managing director of longitudinal Study of Adult Development at Harvard University Robert J. Waldinger found that those who were happiest and healthier reported strong interpersonal relationships.[152] Research showed that acceptable sleep contributes to well-being.[153] In 2018, Laurie R. Santos grade titled "Psychology and the Good Life" became the most popular course in the history of Yale University and was made available for free online to non-Yale students.[154]

See as well

  • Disfavor to happiness
  • Biopsychosocial model
  • Bluebird of happiness
  • Extraversion, introversion and happiness
  • Happy Planet Index
  • Hedonic treadmill
  • Paradox of hedonism
  • Serotonin

Notes

  1. ^ See Subjective well-being#Components of SWB
  2. ^ a b See the work of Jeanne Tsai
  3. ^ a b See Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness#Significant of "happiness" ref. the pregnant of the United states of america Declaration of Independence phrase

References

  1. ^ a b "happiness". Wolfram Alpha. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  2. ^ Anand, P (2016). Happiness Explained. Oxford University Printing. [ page needed ]
  3. ^ "Happiness". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2020.
  4. ^ Feldman, Fred (2010). What is This Thing Chosen Happiness?. doi:x.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571178.001.0001. ISBN978-0199571178.
  5. ^ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy states that "An important project in the philosophy of happiness is simply getting articulate on what various writers are talking about." https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/happiness/ Archived xi June 2022 at the Wayback Car
  6. ^ "Two Philosophical Problems in the Study of Happiness". Archived from the original on fourteen October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  7. ^ Smith, Richard (Baronial 2008). "The Long Slide to Happiness". Journal of Philosophy of Education. 42 (3–4): 559–573. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00650.10.
  8. ^ "How Universal is Happiness?" Ruut Veenhoven, Chapter eleven in Ed Diener, John F. Helliwell & Daniel Kahneman (Eds.) International Differences in Well-Beingness, 2010, Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN 978-0199732739
  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2018. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally championship (link)
  10. ^ "particularly section 4". Fourth dimension. Archived from the original on ix October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  11. ^ Dan Haybron (https://www.slu.edu/colleges/As/philos/site/people/kinesthesia/Haybron/ Archived 30 August 2022 at the Wayback Automobile, http://world wide web.happinessandwellbeing.org/project-squad/ Archived 12 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine); "I would advise that when nosotros talk about happiness, we are actually referring, much of the time, to a complex emotional phenomenon. Call it emotional well-being. Happiness as emotional well-beingness concerns your emotions and moods, more broadly your emotional condition as a whole. To exist happy is to inhabit a favorable emotional land.... On this view, we can think of happiness, loosely, as the opposite of anxiety and low. Being in good spirits, quick to express mirth and tedious to anger, at peace and untroubled, confident and comfy in your ain skin, engaged, energetic and full of life." https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/13/happiness-and-its-discontents/ Archived 12 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine Haybron has also used the term thymic, past which he means 'overall mood state' in this context; https://philpapers.org/rec/HAYHAE Archived 18 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine Xavier Landes <https://www.sseriga.edu/landes-xavier> Archived thirty August 2022 at the Wayback Machine> has described a similar concept of mood. https://world wide web.satori.lv/commodity/kas-ir-laime Archived xiii May 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "People don't want to be happy the way I've defined the term – what I experience here and now. In my view, it'southward much more important for them to be satisfied, to experience life satisfaction, from the perspective of 'What I call back,' of the story they tell well-nigh their lives."https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-upwardly-on-happiness-one.6528513 Archived 8 October 2022 at the Wayback Auto
  13. ^ "Happy | Definition of happy in English past Oxford Dictionaries". Archived from the original on nine October 2018. Retrieved ix October 2018.
  14. ^ "HAPPINESS | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary". Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved nine October 2018.
  15. ^ "The definition of happy". Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  16. ^ Graham, Michael C. (2014). Facts of Life: ten issues of contentment. Outskirts Press. pp. six–10. ISBN978-1478722595.
  17. ^ https://personal.eur.nl/veenhoven/Pub2010s/2012k-full.pdf Archived 9 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, 1.1
  18. ^ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/happiness/ Archived 11 June 2022 at the Wayback Auto 2011, "'Happiness' is frequently used, in ordinary life, to refer to a short-lived state of a person, frequently a feeling of contentment: 'Yous look happy today'; 'I'yard very happy for you'. Philosophically, its scope is more than oftentimes wider, encompassing a whole life. And in philosophy it is possible to speak of the happiness of a person's life, or of their happy life, even if that person was in fact normally pretty miserable. The point is that some good things in their life fabricated it a happy ane, even though they lacked delectation. But this usage is uncommon, and may cause defoliation.' https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/well-being/ Archived 25 October 2022 at the Wayback Motorcar 2017
  19. ^ "People don't desire to be happy the mode I've defined the term – what I feel hither and now. In my view, information technology's much more important for them to exist satisfied, to experience life satisfaction, from the perspective of 'What I recall,' of the story they tell most their lives."https://world wide web.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-up-on-happiness-ane.6528513 Archived 2018-10-08 at the Wayback Automobile
  20. ^ Mandel, Amir (7 Oct 2018). "Why Nobel Prize Winner Daniel Kahneman Gave Up on Happiness". Haaretz.
  21. ^ Livni, Ephrat. "A Nobel Prize-winning psychologist says near people don't really want to be happy". Quartz.
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Further reading

  • Anand Paul Happiness Explained: What Human Flourishing Is and What Nosotros Can Practice to Promote Information technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016. ISBN 0198735456
  • Michael Argyle "The psychology of happiness", 1987
  • Boehm, Julia Thou.; Lyubomirsky, Sonja (February 2008). "Does Happiness Promote Career Success?". Journal of Career Assessment. sixteen (1): 101–116. CiteSeerX10.1.ane.378.6546. doi:x.1177/1069072707308140. S2CID 145371516.
  • Norman One thousand. Bradburn "The structure of psychological well-existence", 1969
  • Buettner, Dan (2020). The Blue Zones of Happiness: Lessons From the Earth's Happiest People. National Geographic. ISBN978-1426219634.
  • C. Robert Cloninger, Feeling Good: The Science of Well-Existence, Oxford, 2004.
  • Gregg Easterbrook "The progress paradox – how life gets amend while people feel worse", 2003
  • Michael W. Eysenck "Happiness – facts and myths", 1990
  • Daniel Gilbert, Stumbling on Happiness, Knopf, 2006.
  • Carol Graham "Happiness Around the World: The Paradox of Happy Peasants and Miserable Millionaires", OUP Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0199549054
  • James Hadley, Happiness: A New Perspective, 2013, ISBN 978-1493545261
  • Joop Hartog & Hessel Oosterbeek "Health, wealth and happiness", 1997
  • Hills P., Argyle Yard. (2002). "The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Private Differences". Psychological Wellbeing. 33 (7): 1073–1082. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00213-6.
  • Robert Holden Happiness at present!, 1998[ ISBN missing ]
  • Barbara Ann Kipfer, 14,000 Things to Be Happy Nearly, Workman, 1990/2007, ISBN 978-0761147213.
  • Neil Kaufman Happiness is a pick, 1991[ ISBN missing ]
  • Stefan Klein, The Scientific discipline of Happiness, Marlowe, 2006, ISBN 156924328X.
  • Koenig HG, McCullough M, & Larson DB. Handbook of religion and health: a century of research reviewed (run into article). New York: Oxford Academy Press; 2001.[ ISBN missing ]
  • McMahon, Darrin Grand., Happiness: A History, Atlantic Monthly Press; 2005. ISBN 0871138867
  • McMahon, Darrin Grand., The History of Happiness: 400 B.C. – A.D. 1780, Daedalus journal, Spring 2004.
  • Richard Layard, Happiness: Lessons From A New Science, Penguin, 2005, ISBN 978-0141016900.
  • James Mackaye "Economic system of happiness", 1906[ ISBN missing ]
  • Desmond Morris "The nature of happiness", 2004
  • David G. Myers, The Pursuit of Happiness: Who is Happy – and Why, William Morrow and Co., 1992, ISBN 0688105505.
  • Niek Persoon "Happiness doesn't just happen", 2006[ ISBN missing ]
  • Benjamin Radcliff The Political Economy of Human Happiness (New York: Cambridge Academy Press, 2013).[ ISBN missing ]
  • Ben Renshaw "The secrets of happiness", 2003[ ISBN missing ]
  • Fiona Robards, "What makes you lot happy?" Exisle Publishing, 2014, ISBN 978-1921966316
  • Bertrand Russell "The conquest of happiness", orig. 1930 (many reprints)
  • Martin E.P. Seligman, Authentic Happiness, Free Press, 2002, ISBN 0743222989.
  • Alexandra Stoddard "Choosing happiness – keys to a joyful life", 2002
  • Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Analysis of Happiness, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1976
  • Elizabeth Telfer "Happiness : an examination of a hedonistic and a eudaemonistic concept of happiness and of the relations betwixt them...", 1980
  • Ruut Veenhoven "Bibliography of happiness – world database of happiness : 2472 studies on subjective appreciation of life", 1993
  • Ruut Veenhoven "Atmospheric condition of happiness", 1984
  • Joachim Weimann, Andreas Knabe, and Ronnie Schob, eds. Measuring Happiness: The Economics of Well-Being (MIT Press; 2015) 206 pages
  • Eric Thou. Wilson "Confronting Happiness", 2008
  • Journal of Happiness Studies, International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies (ISQOLS), quarterly since 2000, also online

External links

  • History of Happiness – concise survey of influential theories
  • The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry "Pleasure" – aboriginal and modern philosophers' and neuroscientists' approaches to happiness
  • The Globe Happiness Forum promotes dialogue on tools and techniques for human happiness and wellbeing.
  • The Earth Database of Happiness – a register of scientific inquiry on the subjective appreciation of life.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness

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